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 Samuel Throckmorton's "The Homestead," c. 1888. |
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For a complete index of articles about the History of Homestead Valley, click here.  Population of Homestead - December, 2003 The 2000 census does not provide an answer to the question, "What is the population of Homestead Valley?" The Tamalpais/Homestead census district counted 10,691 people. An accurate count for Homestead Valley is unavailable. The U.S. government keeps detailed census data confidential for 70 years. One can estimate the population from the known number of dwelling unit sewer connections, 1040. Assuming 2.5 people per dwelling unit, the population would be 2600. At this time, the only available detailed Homestead censuses are 1910, 1920 and 1930. Starting from zero in 1903, the community grew to 60 homes and 250 people in 1910. During the following decade, there was little growth. By 1920, there were only 15 more homes and 35 more people. 60% of the families living in Homestead in 1910 had moved away. During the 1920s, however, growth rate was much higher. In 1930 there were 131 homes with 441 people, a population increase of 55% in 10 years, but only 14 of the 1910 families remained. The character of the community changed in some ways. The number of female heads of household increased much faster than the population, from 5 in 1910 to 8 in 1920 to 23 in 1930. The average age of the head of a household was 43 in 1910, 47 in 1920 and 47 in 1930. The working population was 34% in 1910, 41% in 1920 and 32% in 1930. The portion of white collar workers increased from 36% in 1910 to 41% in 1920 and 49% in 1930. In all three censuses there were more craftsmen than laborers. The portion of heads of household that were foreign-born was 42% in 1910, 44% In 1920, and 34% in 1930. In 1910 about half of the 25 foreign-born heads of households came from northern Europe and half from the Azores (Portugal). In 1920, the 33 foreign-born came from: Azores - 13, Italy - 3, Japan -1, Canada and northern Europe -16. In 1930, the make up of the 44 foreign-born was: Azores - 6, Italy - 5, Japan - 3, Canada and northern Europe - 27, Latin America - 3. Other interesting census data: home ownership dropped from 81% in 1920 to 67% in 1930. In 1930, only 53% of the homes had radios. In 1930, 29 residents were war veterans, 3 from the Spanish War, 25 from the World War and 1 from both wars. Back to index Thievery in 1925 - November, 2003 A story in the January 17, 1925 issue of the Mill Valley Record is entitled "NEIGHBOR PROVES TO BE THIEF - John Murray is arrested after systematic pilfering in Camp Tamalpais." [This neighborhood at the west end of Homestead is now called Tamalpais Canyon.] The article first describes the scene: "Camp Tamalpais is known as a romantic spot among the redwoods where a considerable group of summer and weekend cottages have been built by residents of San Francisco. A number of professional men and women are among those who have established their country residences here." The story: "For some time mysterious thefts took place in these residences. Suitcases disappeared from cottages, along with clothing, silver, electrical plates, toasters, waffle irons, etc. Murray married the daughter of Mrs. Dorothy Kirchner of Homestead Valley last spring, hence he was looked upon as one of the neighbors and accordingly trusted. Not long ago he walked into the home of W. V. Stolte, carrying two heavily-laden suitcases. He asked if he might order a car by telephone as the cases were too heavy to carry. He secured his car and drove away with his booty, unsuspected, but this bold act led later to the final proof of his guilt. [Stolte's home was next to the entrance to Camp Tamalpais - ed.] "Appreciable losses in the camp began about Thanksgiving time. They then occurred about once in two weeks. The intervals of time between robberies decreased until they were taking place twice a week. Finally an officer was detailed to watch the place day and night. On Jan. 9, the officer noted a suitcase on the porch of one cottage. In the meantime, Murray entered the house opposite and finally came out with a load of loot when his adventure came to an abrupt end. Murray is now in jail awaiting trial. "In all, twenty-five houses were entered. Murray even stole the Christmas gifts of his mother-in-law. Some of the loot was found in a cache in Oakland. Mrs. Lillian Ferguson who had sustained heavy losses, found the greater part of her goods here." [She lived at Three Groves, across from Stolte - ed.] The article lists the names of the owners of eight of the cottages that had been robbed. Three owners were doctors. Back to index A Portuguese Family - October, 2003 William P. Santos, born in 1871, emigrated from Portugal (Azores) to the United States in 1896. His wife, Minnie, also of Portuguese descent, was born on a ranch near Mt. Diablo in 1877. They came to Mill Valley about 1894 and lived in a house on Ryan St., one block from Camino Alto across from the Middle School and the Community Center. At that time, Richardson Bay extended much farther up into Mill Valley than it does today. Their house was on stilts above the marsh. Tide water came up under the house. William worked on the roads and in construction. He also did odd jobs for Ralston White, the president of the Tamalpais Land & Water Co. (TL&WC). In 1908, Ralston White gave William about 2 acres of land between LaVerne Ave. and Homestead Blvd., made up of parts of blocks 15 and 16 on "TL&WC Map No. 6 Showing Lands Adjacent to Homestead Valley." There were no houses in that area at the time. William had a friend also named Santos who built their house, which was only recently demolished and replaced by a much larger house at 35 LaVerne Ave. The barn was also replaced by a large house at 15 LaVerne. William and Minnie had five sons and five daughters, all born in Mill Valley between 1895 and 1914. The parents normally spoke Portuguese, but broken English when necessary. There were quite a few Portuguese families in southern Marin at that time. The children didn't like speaking Portuguese, but they had to when their parents spoke to them. Minnie knew a lot more about farming than William, so while he worked as a laborer on odd jobs, she did a lot of the farm work with help from the children. They had a few milk cows, butchered a calf, a pig or a cow once in a while, gathered eggs from laying hens and raised vegetables, all primarily for their own consumption. Since they had neither a refrigerator nor a freezer nor even an ice box, Minnie used traditional food preservation methods such as canning, pickling and submerging meat in fat. The family ate deer and ducks shot by William, and clams dug along the shore near the road to Tiburon. When William died in about 1924, Minnie had to take over the support of her four school-age children. To make ends meet, she did a lot of babysitting. Her older sons helped out financially. One worked at the Mill Valley Lumber Co. and another drove a cab in Mill Valley. Back to index New Sidewalks in 1932 - September, 2003 Long time residents of Homestead recall wooden sidewalks. The Mill Valley Record published this story on November 18, 1932: "A large group of the progressive residents of Homestead grouped together, prepared the lanes and installed modern sidewalks on the main pedestrian pathways of Homestead. That sidewalks were needed was evidenced by the popular response to the drive for funds and the turn-out of men giving their holiday and vacation time to assist in this progressive feature. Through the splendid spirit of cooperation, Homestead could now boast of sidewalks on par with those of any surrounding municipality, if not superior to them. "The entertainment and dance given at Homestead Scout Hall some weeks ago, under the auspices of members of the Homestead Boy Scout Organization and a few Homestead residents started the drive for necessary funds. Then contributions were solicited, and the response was spontaneous. This was for the stretch of sidewalk from Brown's Corner to Evergreen avenue. Ernie Smith, progressive resident of Homestead, handled the financial drive for the stretch of sidewalk on Molino avenue from Heckman street to Montford avenue. He also made all arrangements for material needed and handled the work with ingenious precision. Those enterprising and progressive residents through whose assistance, both financially and physically, Homestead now has sidewalks are: [a list of seventy names followed - ed.] With the response and cooperation shown in this community improvement, plans are already underway to continue modern sidewalks along all of Homestead's frequented lanes. The sidewalks in, progressive Homestead will then look forward to paved roads and, (to be or not to be, that is the question?) sewers." Editorial comments: 1. One sidewalk was along Montford from Miller to Ethel and then Linden Lane to Evergreen. The other was along Montford from Linden Lane to Janes. 2. Today, there are no sidewalks in some sections of these stretches. 3. Homestead Scout Hall was on Linden Lane south of Evergreen. 4. It took 10 to 15 years for paved roads and sewers to become a reality. 5. Note the frequent use of the word "progressive." Back to index Neighborhoods - August, 2003 Ask Homestead residents where they live and they respond with the name of a street. Most residents do not know the original name of their neighborhood. Development often involved purchase of land from the Tamalpais Land & Water Co. followed by subdivision into lots and streets. A map, signed, sealed, notarized and recorded, named the development. Previous history articles described six developments. There are many more: 1. In 1910, Carrie E. Bridge bought about 30 acres bounded by Sequoia Valley Road, Ridgewood (still a paper street) and Homestead Blvd. (now Amaranth Blvd.) The subdivsion of 112 lots was called Castle Park. The name comes from a 40-foot high vertical greenstone outcrop called Castle Rock which used to be visible from much of Homestead Valley. 2. In 1910, Ranch 5, west of Sequoia Valley Road (then not part of Homestead Valley) was subdivided as Marin View Acres. An advertisement stated, "45 minutes walk from Mill Valley station. 45 minutes ride from the city; round trip tickets 10 cents. You can reside on a Suburban Home Farm and go to your business each day in the city. Soil: Deep and rich, of such fertile quality will grow anything, combination of soil and climate make it ideal for fruit, vegetables, berries and chickens. Large Profits in Eucalyptus Trees: We will plant Eucalyptus trees for our buyers and guarantee them to grow for $30 per thousand or we will sell the trees for $10 per thousand and you can plant them yourself." By the 1950's, part of Marin View Acres had become the Flying Y Ranch (horses). During the last 20 years, it and other lots have been annexed to Homestead Valley. Homes in the Walsh Estates subdivision and others on Sequoia Valley Road required sewer attachments. 3. In 1907, Alice Scott bought 5 large lots between Evergreen and LaVerne, combined them and subdivided the property into the Scott Tract: 10 lots on the newly created Scott St., 5 lots on LaVerne and 5 lots on Evergreen. 4. Other developments are: Oak Tract, 10 lots on Oak St. (now Holly St.) and LaVerne; Bernhard Tract, west of Oak Tract; Morton Subdivision, 8 lots on Linden Lane south of Evergreen; Rivers Tract, 17 lots on LaVerne east of Reed; Ney's Subdivision, 8 lots on Hawthorne, LaVerne and Reed; Glen Grae; Douglas Drive Gardens; Marin Terrace two and four; and Tamarin Highlands. Can you name your neighborhood? Back to index First Census - 1910 - July, 2003 The community of Homestead Valley was founded in 1903 when the Tamalpais Land & Water Company began selling lots. The 13th census of the United States taken in 1910 included data for the community of Homestead Valley where the count was 60 homes and a total population of 250. The 60 heads of household were characterized as follows: average age, 43; 35 native born, 25 foreign born; 5 females, 55 males. Living in the 60 households were 49 wives, 64 sons, 58 daughters, 7 other relatives, 9 boarders and 3 servants. Of the native born heads of household, 11 were born in California, 10 in the east and 14 in the mid-west. As for the foreign born, 12 came from Portugal (Azores), 4 from Germany, 3 from England, 3 from Denmark and 1 each from Holland, Ireland and France. 34% of the population were gainfully employed: 30 white collar jobs such as salesperson, manager, lawyer, bookkeeper and clerk; 36 blue collar jobs such as carpenter, house painter, electrician, plumber and teamster; 18 laborers, gardeners and servants. The following is an example of census information on a household: Edwin T. Ezekiel, age 50, a buyer for a fur house, was "head". He and his wife Josephine had seven children: the oldest daughter, Florence, age 27, was postmaster of the LaVerne post office. Four younger daughters were Eve, age 25, Sarah, age 19, Leslie, age 12, and Josephine, age 7. Two sons, Edwin J., age 22, and Chester, age 21 were wagon drivers, the older for a department store and the younger for a coal company. Annie Foley, age 34, a bookkeeper for the telephone company, and her 4 year old son John were boarders. All were born in California. Edwin's father was born in Louisiana and his mother in England. Josephine's parents were born in England. Many of the names listed in the census appear in previous history articles. For example, Bill Brown (Brown's Hall), Herman Heckman (Heckman tract), Alfred Worley (Worley tract), Anton Perry (built cabin where Jack Kerouac stayed), Lillian Ferguson, and Alexander Eells (Earthquake refugees). The 1910 census provides a wealth of information about these and other early residents of the Homestead Valley community. Descendants of a few of the families listed in the 1910 census live in Homestead Valley today. Back to index No Automobiles - June, 2003 The March 12, 1903 Marin Independent Journal front page headline was: "A QUESTION OF IMPORTANCE - Shall the Automobile be Excluded From Marin County?" A petition was in circulation asking the Supervisors to prohibit the use of automobiles in Marin County. The petition admits that this astonishing machine has come to stay and that it has a place and a future, but its place is not in Marin County, and if its future is there, it should be a far distant future, for the following reasons: 1. The residents and taxpayers don't want it. They realize the danger, the annoyance and the anxiety which it creates, and they beg the county government to protect them. 2. The physical characteristics of the county are such that it is peculiarly ill adapted to the use of the automobile. This whole peninsula is composed of high hills and deep and narrow valleys where the roads wind with many sudden and steep grades. There are side hills where, on one hand the precipice falls sheer a hundred feet or more and on the other the bank rises perpendicularly from the road. There is scarcely a single stretch of five miles of wide straight road in the entire county where automobiles can be safely run, so that it is impossible to place sufficient restrictions upon their use to secure us from ever present peril. 3. Marin County is essentially a horse keeping and a horse loving county. The very features which make the roads impassible if frequented by automobiles, render them especially attractive for riding or driving. At every turn beauty meets the eye. There is no other region in all California where there are so many and such beautiful drives, and during all the fine weather, children on their ponies, young girls in run-abouts and carts, men on horse-back or driving fine teams, families coming to town or out for a holiday, give life to the whole countryside. And would not many desirable new residents be attracted hither if it were once known that here at least there was a refuge from the constant menace of the horseless carriage? 4. The automobile in Marin County can never be more than a plaything for a few fortunate individuals who have a surplus of time and money. The May 21, 1903 IJ reported that the supervisors had met and decided that automobiles will not be banned. After the vote, the California Automobile Association took the supervisors for a ride. [Could this be lobbying? - ed.] Only one horse was spooked and that was the fault of the driver of the buggy, not the chauffeur of the car. Back to index Significant Events of 1903 - May, 2003 Imagine 1903. The population of California is less than 1.5 million and the community of Homestead Valley is founded. What else is going on? Several famous books appear: Call of the Wild (Jack London), Man and Superman (G. B. Shaw), The Pit (Frank Norris) and Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (Kate Douglas Wiggins). Caruso debuts at the Met in Rigoletto - only fair reviews. Sweet Adeline is sung for the first time at the New York City Pops. "The Wizard of Oz" premieres. Victor Herbert composes "Babes in Toyland". A 12-minute long documentary film "The Great Train Robbery" sets many patterns for future Westerns. Richard Steif designs the first fuzzy toy bear which he names after President Teddy Roosevelt. The USA signs a treaty with Colombia to dig the Panama Canal, but Columbia rejects it. Roosevelt orders warships to Panama. The USA recognizes the independent Republic of Panama. USA and Panama sign a treaty giving the USA a 10-mile strip of land across the isthmus. Henry Ford organizes the Ford Motor Co. and sells a 2-cylinder, 2-seat gasoline-powered "family horse" for $850. Several Swiss cantons ban automobiles - a toy for the rich, noisy, vulgar, dangerous, a terror-creating machine. Marin County Supervisors reject popular support for such a ban. The first Harley-Davidson gasoline-powered motor bike rolls off the assembly line. The first trip by automobile across the country is completed - a Packard takes 52 days to go from San Francisco to New York. Orville and Wilbur Wright launch the world's first successful manned flight in a motorized airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina - 852 feet in 59 seconds. An electrical trolley is installed in Scranton, PA - it runs in the streets, taking power from overhead wires. Motor taxis appear in London. Britain raises the speed limit from 15 to 20 mph. The first Tour de France bicycle race takes place. Pierre and Marie Curie win the Nobel prize in physics. Sanka decaffeinated coffee appears. Milton Hershey lays the cornerstone of a chocolate factory. The Pacific cable is completed - the first around-the-world message sent by President Roosevelt comes back to him in 12 minutes. Regular news service begins between London and New York via Marconi's wireless system. The New York Stock Exchange building at Broad and Wall Streets is dedicated. Boston beats Pittsburgh 3-0 in the first annual World Series. Back to index Tam Canyon Tragedy - April, 2003 The Mill Valley Record called it the most spectacular disaster in the area since the fire of 1929. David S. Murdoch, 68, and William F. Shores, 72, were killed at 2 PM on Friday, April 4, 1941 when a slide caused three redwood trees to fall on a cottage on Laurel Way in Tamalpais Canyon. At 2:30 PM, a second slide buried them under mud, trees and debris. The winter was a wet one with 61 inches of rain. We now know it was an El Nino year. It wasn't all that surprising that slides closed Magee Avenue for two months and Florence Avenue for four months. However, the two slides in Tamalpais Canyon after 2-1/4 inches of rain in 24 hours resulted in tragic consequences. Shores had lived in Tamalpais Canyon for 11 years. San Francisco resident Murdoch had maintained a cottage there for 15 years. The two men had spent a week working on Murdoch's cottage. Shores had come to say good-bye to Murdoch who along with his wife and son were about to leave. Shores was sitting next to the kitchen door. Murdoch and his son were on the other side of the kitchen table. Mrs. Murdoch was on the porch. At 2 PM, the son heard trees descending and ran toward his mother. He and his mother escaped, but the two elderly men were crushed. A neighbor placed an emergency call. At 2:15 PM, a score of merchants from the Locust shopping district arrived with the fire chief and a police officer. They saw the men crushed under the walls and beams. Fifteen minutes later, while they were trying to chop away the shattered walls, an unoccupied home above on the nearly perpendicular hillside, buckled and burst open. The entire hillside of mud, trees and debris poured onto the cottage. The rescue workers barely escaped in time. A few seconds difference might have meant death. By 4 PM, large-scale rescue work was underway with scores of volunteers. Many worked all night. A dozen trees had come down in the two slides. Shores' body was recovered Saturday afternoon. Murdoch's body was not recovered until Monday afternoon. American Legion Auxiliary women improvised a kitchen and serving table on four long planks over the mud thirty feet down the canyon from the collapsed houses. They served the rescuers coffee, sandwiches and hot meals starting on Friday and continuing until Monday afternoon with very few hours rest. A neighbor above the slide turned her home over to them for the cooking. Volunteers spent weekends in May working on the cleanup, with lunch served by women residents. Back to index Horse and Buggy Days - March, 2003 In his diary, Homestead resident Alexander Eells mentions how and where he traveled. His San Francisco law practice frequently took him by train to Santa Barbara, Sacramento and Willits. In 1909, he went to Yosemite for a Sierra Club outing. To get there, he boarded the 11 PM train from Oakland in a friend's private car - John Muir traveled with him. They arrived at El Portal at 10:30 the next morning. In 1910, he took his family to Yosemite. The hired hand took the wagon, two horses and a pony on the Saturday night boat to Stockton. He then drove to Chinese Camp. On Tuesday, the family took the 9:45 AM train from Oakland, arriving in Chinese Camp at 4:30 PM. They spent all July driving to Yosemite, Tuolumne Meadows and back to Chinese Camp. Eells went everywhere by horse and buggy. On a Sunday in March 1908, in order to test out a new harness, he hitched up George and Pat together for the first time, and spent the day driving to Tiburon, California City (north of Tiburon on Paradise Drive-ed.) and Corte Madera. On subsequent Sundays he and his wife took several drives with the team, e.g., a tour to Greenbrae, San Rafael, San Anselmo, Ross and Corte Madera. In May, he took his wife and 10 year old daughter on a three-day trip to visit friends in Sonoma. They left at 8 AM Friday, stopped for a picnic lunch on the banks of a creek just south of Ignacio, and arrived in Petaluma at 4:10 PM, a 34-mile trip. They stayed at the New American hotel where they had three beds in two nice front rooms. Total cost was $4.50 including supper and breakfast. Stabling for the horses cost $1. At 8:30 Saturday morning they drove to Sonoma, arriving at 11:15. After lunching with their friends they left at 2:30, and were back in Petaluma at 3:30. The round trip had been 32 miles. Sunday morning they returned home, leaving at 8:30, stopping for lunch again in Ignacio, and arriving home at 3:30. In August 1908 he took his 10-year old daughter on a three-week tour of Sonoma and Mendocino counties. They went in a horse cart to Inverness, Sebastopol, Ukiah, Willits, Laytonville, Garberville, Westport, Ft. Bragg, Pt. Arena, and Stewart's Point. Then they left the coast and returned home by way of Cazadero, Guerneville, Sebastopol and Petaluma. His diary mentions an automobile only once, and that was in conjunction with moving to Homestead Valley. In 1906, he hired a car and driver to take his family from their home on Haight Street to the ferry for Sausalito while San Francisco was still burning after the earthquake. Back to index Volunteers - February, 2003 Historian Henri M. Boussy's article in the Mill Valley Historical Review, Spring 1986, states, "Of all the urban developments that have become Marin County the one with the greatest sense of community has been Homestead." Volunteers have been key to developing this great sense of community. Shortly after the land was subdivided in 1903, volunteering became commonplace. A special dispatch to the San Francisco Call on Aug. 28, 1905 reported that all the committees of the Throckmorton Improvement Club were working energetically for the best interests of Homestead Valley and had achieved good results. The following Sunday a work party of residents met where the 2 AM Club is today to construct a wooden sidewalk up Montford. One of the committees had persuaded Lovell White, president of the Tamalpais Land & Water Company, to donate a half-acre site for a school. On Sunday June 16, 1907, Mill Valley architect William Mahoney and two Homestead volunteers staked off the site for the new school house. The Throckmorton Improvement Club and its successor organizations have continued to work energetically with good results over the past one hundred years. About 1910, the Homestead Valley Progressive Club met in Homestead Hall on Linden Lane. Starting in 1934, the Homestead Valley Improvement Club met in Brown's Hall on Miller Avenue. Since 1972, the Homestead Valley Community Association has met at its community center on Montford. Other important organizations are County Services Area #14, Homestead Valley Land Trust, and Homestead Valley Sanitary District, each with a specific mission to work in the best interests of Homestead Valley. >From 1940 to 1961 Homestead's fire protection service came from a volunteer fire brigade, originally with a homemade fire truck. Until 1983, the Homestead School Parent Teachers Association played a significant role in the development of the community, particularly children's programs. Volunteer Park on the site of the volunteer fire station commemorates all the volunteers who throughout the past one hundred years accomplished so much to make Homestead Valley a vibrant community in a magnificent setting with parks and open space lands that are a modern adaptation of the original wilderness that existed in Homestead Valley before the 19th century. Back to index Four Questions - January, 2003 Who named Pixie Trail? On the LaVerne Heights development map of 1915, Marin Avenue is the main east-west road. Capt. Watson lived near its west end at the corner of Bolinas Avenue, which went up to Edgewood. Several decades later, Mrs. Hunsinger, an English woman, lived in a house near Capt. Watson's. She frequently took several children with her on her daily walks to the east on the undeveloped part of Marin Avenue to Janes Street. They loved her stories about Wee Folk and were enchanted with the Pixie Caps of eucalyptus nuts. Mrs. Hunsinger saw to it that the name Marin Avenue was changed to Pixie Trail. Who owned a chicken farm on Montford? Harry Okubara was five years old when he came to the US from Japan in 1891. His wife Tora came at age ten in 1899. Sometime between 1910 and 1920 they acquired 2-1/4 acres on Montford where they raised chickens and sold eggs. Their son was born in 1916. Harry took an annual trip home to Japan. One year he brought back two girls whom he said were his daughters. The children attended the new school which had opened in 1920 right across the street. In 1942, the family was sent off to a Japanese internment camp. They returned after the war. Their descendants still live on Cherry Blossom Lane. When was a freeway through Homestead proposed? The 1967 West Marin General Plan adopted by the Marin County Board of Supervisors called for urban development for 150,000 people. Highway 1 would become a coastal freeway connected to the Golden Gate Bridge by a freeway through Homestead Valley. Environmentalists succeeded in preventing construction of an aqueduct to supply Russian River water to the area. No water, no urban development, no coastal freeway, no Homestead Valley Freeway. What disaster befell Three Groves in 1966? In the early 1930's, two dams were built on Reed Creek in Three Groves. The result was a swimming pool near the house and a concrete-lined lake below it for swimming and fishing. A sandy beach was added. On the bridge across the dam was a diving board. The lake was stocked with fish. The swimming pool and lake were in service for several decades. During the rainy season, the flood gates on both dams were opened to allow silt to flow through. Unfortunately, during the stormy winter of 1965/66 (we now know it was an El Nino year), the flood gates remained closed. As a result, the swimming pool and lake were completely filled with mud washed down from the barren slopes of Flying Y Ranch. Back to index The History of Sunnyside Tract The History of Early Mill Valley The History of Homestead Valley, 2008 Articles The History of Homestead Valley, 2007 Articles The History of Homestead Valley, 2006 Articles The History of Homestead Valley, 2005 Articles The History of Homestead Valley, 2004 Articles The History of Homestead Valley, 2002 Articles The History of Homestead Valley, 2000-2001 Articles |